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HI, I wanted to build LED spot light?
HI, I wanted to build LED spot light, and I know nothing about thses resistance and circuit, different sites i tried (http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com etc.) can u guys give basic how to make with 220 volt supply. say 20 LED spot light( bright green)
Since, on your own admission, you know nothing about electricity or electronics, you will be taking a risk if your start messing about with mains voltages.
Nevertheless ……
An l.e.d. is a current operated device. The manufacturer’s data will tell you the maximum current a particualr l.e.d. can withstand and the maximum forward voltage which will be developed across it at that current.
It should also give the forward voltage at a typical operating current.
You decide what current, up to its maximum, you want to pass through it. It is usual to choose the figure given by the manufacturer as ‘typical’ or a figure slightly less than the maximum (as a precaution).
The current must be limited to the figure you have chosen by the inclusion of a resistor in series with the diode’s supply.
The value of the resistor is calculated by subtracting the didode’s Vf from the supply voltage and divinding the result by the desired current.
The Vf of a green l.e.d. is typically quoted as 3.5 or 4. You should check the figure given by the manufacturer of the l.e.ds you intend using.
Connect your 20 diodes in series, all ‘pointing the same way’, i.e. anode of one to cathode of the next etc.
The voltage across the series string will depend on the Vf of the particular diodes chosen but will be approximately 70 to 80.
You must now consider the necessary series resistor, but that depends on your supply.
Now, l.e.ds need d.c., so if your 220V is, as I suspect, a.c., you will have to rectify it. In which case it would be much safer to use a transformer to get isolation from the mains.
You could then use a transformer whcih gives an output voltage lower than 220 so that the power wasted in the series resistor will be less than otherwise.
It’s getting more complicated than you anticipated, isn’t it?
To avoid this answer becoming a magnum opus I shall limit the rest of it by assuming you have rectified the 220Vac.
Now you dhould connect a large valued capacitor across the resultant d.c. to smooth it out a bit and so avoid possible flickering of the l.ed.s.
If you do that, the voltage across the capacitor will be near the peak value of the a.c., or around 300 to 310.
Subtract the voltage which will be developed across your string of 20 diodes from the supply, 300 minus, say, 75, and you have 225.
This is the voltage which will be across the series resistor. The current through it will be, say, 20mA.
Its value, therefore should be 11k25 (a better way of writing 11.25k).
This value of resistance carrying 20mA will dissipate 4.5W, so you choose one with a power rating somewhat higher, obviously at least 5, 10 would be better.
Oh, by the way, an l.e.d. doesn’t give a narrow beam, which is implied by ‘spot’ light. It gives a broad one. To achieve a spot you will need a suitably shaped reflector.
Brian’s ADJ VIZI LED Spot Moving Head Demo Vid
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